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These electrodes transmit a low-voltage electric current that can stimulate the specific structures in the spine and result in release of various inhibitory neurotransmitters that, in turn, block neural impulses that cause pain. Neuromodulation treatment involves placing electrodes next to the precise area of the spinal cord that the physician believes is the source of pain. It is important to remember, that patient with these and other chronic pain conditions should be evaluated individually to determine possible benefit from neuromodulation. Limited medical literature suggests that spinal cord stimulation may be beneficial for patients with visceral abdominal and perineal pain as well as for painful diabetic neuropathy. Although it is also referred to as post-laminectomy syndrome, it can occur after various types of spine surgery. *FBSS refers to the circumstance in which a person has had back surgery (usually to treat lower back pain conditions such as lumbar spinal stenosis caused by a degenerative disc disease or a herniated disc) that has not resulted in adequate pain relief. In Europe, additional conditions treated using neuromodulation include: chronic pain from post-laminectomy syndrome, also called failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS)*.In the United States, pain conditions treated commonly include: Spinal cord stimulation is usually considered for patients who have chronic pain that has not been relieved by other conservative or surgical treatment methods. What kind of pain does a spinal cord stimulator treat? The stimulator delivers signals to specific nerves and pathways to counteract abnormal nerve activity in selected parts of the body. A spinal cord stimulator is an implanted neuromodulation device used to treat chronic pain in a minimally invasive way.